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What is a dental hygienist?

Dental hygienists are specially trained to work as part of the dental team, to give care to patients.

They play an important part in dental health care and are mainly concerned with preventive dental health and treating gum disease - showing you correct home care and helping to keep your teeth and gums healthy.

 

What does the dental hygienist do in the practice?

 

The hygienist's main work is to prevent and treat gum disease including professionally cleaning your teeth. This is usually called ‘scaling and polishing'. However, perhaps their most important role is showing you the best way to keep your teeth free of plaque. Plaque is a sticky coating that forms constantly on your teeth. If it is not brushed away properly, this hardens to form tartar which you cannot remove yourself. They also give advice on diet and preventing dental decay. The hygienist will work alongside your dentist to give you care that is tailored to your needs.

 

Can a dental hygienist do anything else?

 

Dental hygienists also take dental x-rays. The dentist will use these to help diagnose problems and decide on the possible treatment. All hygienists that take x-rays will have had proper training and will hold a certificate. 

If the dentist suggests that you or your child have fissure sealants or fluoride varnishes, they may refer you to the dental hygienist because these are treatments they are trained to carry out.

Tooth whitening is also often carried out by the dental hygienist under the prescription of your dentist.

 

Does every practice have a hygienist?

 

Not all practices have a hygienist. However, more of them now offer this as part of the service to patients, using part-time and full-time hygienists. Hygienists see patients directly as well as under the prescription of a dentist. If your practice does not have a hygienist, your dentist can either refer you to another dental practice or a hygienist practice. Or you can approach a practice yourself to ask if you can see the hygienist there.

 

Why is this dental treatment important?

Regular professional cleaning, combined with looking after your teeth and gums well at home, will help keep your mouth healthy. A clean and healthy mouth will improve your appearance, help you to keep your teeth and give you fresh breath, and help to maintain your general health.

 

Can a hygienist help prevent dental disease?

 

This is what the training of the hygienist is all about. Carefully removing the hard

deposits of tartar (or ‘calculus') that build up on the teeth and teaching you how

to prevent them coming back, will go a long way towards slowing the progress of

gum disease.By talking to you about your diet, and recommending other preventive

measures, the hygienist can help you keep to a routine that will slow down the rate

at which your teeth decay.Regular visits and advice will help build your confidence

in keeping your mouth healthy.

 

What other help can be given to adults?

Adults who have a lot of decay can benefit from having fluoride applied. They can also have anti-bacterial gels and solutions applied under the gum to kill the bacteria causing gum disease.

Another very important part of the hygienist's work is showing you and telling you how to look after your mouth at home. The hygienist may also suggest giving up smoking, as this will reduce staining and improve your general health. Research has also shown that smokers have more gum disease and lose more teeth than non-smokers. Your hygienist will be able to advise you on various ways of giving up smoking. They can also give you special advice for home care if you have dental implants or orthodontic appliances.

 

What help is available for children?

Children can benefit from having their teeth polished. The hygienist can also apply fluoride varnishes to help preventdecay.

The permanent (or ‘adult') back teeth can also benefit from having the biting surfaces sealed. This is done by applying a special plastic coating to the biting surface soon after the teeth come through. For more information see our ‘Tell me about' - Pit and fissure sealants.

 

Why doesn't the dentist do this work?

Some dentists will do this type of work themselves. However, many now realise that the hygienist has been specially trained to carry out scaling and polishing and can spend longer with you. They are also expert at teaching you how to look after your teeth and gums. Often the hygienist will spend a number of appointments getting the gums healthy ready for the dentist to restore the teeth with crowns and fillings.

 

Will the treatment hurt?

Scaling and polishing is usually pain free. However, if you do have any discomfort the hygienist can use anaesthetic creams, or give you some local anaesthetic. It is important that you let the hygienist know at the time so they can help with your discomfort.

 

Is the treatment expensive?

Costs of treatment with a dental hygienist will vary depending on what is being done, and from practice to practice. It is important to find out the cost before you start, by getting a written quotation.

Practices should have a price list at their reception giving a guide to the prices they charge for the service.

 

What can I do to help the hygienist?

You can do a great deal to help yourself and the hygienist, as you are in control of your mouth between visits to the practice. Your hygienist will have shown you how to remove plaque with a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.

They will also have shown you how to clean between your teeth with interdental brushes, floss or tape.

There are many oral care products now available including specialist toothpastes, power or electric toothbrushes, and mouthwashes. Your hygienist will recommend those that are best for you.

We recommend you follow three simple steps to help keep your teeth and gums healthy.

  • brush your teeth last thing at night, and at least one other time during the day, with a fluoride toothpaste.

  • cut down on how often you have sugary foods and drinks

  • visit your dentist regularly, as often as they recommend.

Cutting down the amount of sugar in your diet, and the number of times that you eat during the day, can help to reduce decay. Your hygienist can help you by looking at your decay problem and your diet, and by making some recommendations for you to consider.

Chewing sugar-free gum for 10 minutes after meals can also help to prevent tooth decay. Chewing gum makes your mouth produce more saliva, which in turn cancels out the acid produced in your mouth after drinking and eating.

Hygiene

 

  • 5 Habits That Destroy Your Smile                                                                                                                 

  • Don't Let Good Hygiene Habits Hibernate!                                                                                                  

  • Don't Rush the Brush, Brush to the Beat!                                                                                                           

  • Don't Try This at Home! Over-the-counter Dental Instruments May Do More Harm Than Good                                                                                                                                                                        

  • How Do I Choose and Use a Toothbrush?                                                                                                        

  • How Long Should I Brush?                                                                                                                                         

  • Improve Your Oral Health in 2011                                                                                                                                                 

  • Is Your Family Sharing too Much?                                                                                                                                    

  • Should I Floss?                                                                                                                                                          

  • Special Dental Patients Require Special Care                                                                                                        

  • Spring Clean Your Teeth                                                                                                                                                                           

  • Study Finds Americans Need to "Brush Up" at the Office                                                                                                        

  • Swishing Once a Day Poses No Harm to Dental Work                                                                                                          

  • Tot Toothbrushes Promote Good Brushing Habits                                                                                                         

  • Using Floss Once a Day Helps Fight Decay                                                                                                         

  • What is the Best Technique for Brushing?                                                                                                        

  • Why is Brushing With Toothpaste Important?                                                                                                        

  • Wrong Choice of Mouthwash Could Have Negative Side Effects

 

Academy of General Dentistry spokesperson Steven A. Ghareeb, DDS, FAGD, offers advice on how to keep your smile healthy and pretty by avoiding these five bad oral health habits.

 

 

1. Not flossing

Brushing your teeth twice a day is important, but many patients don't realize that flossing at least once a day is just as critical to achieving—and maintaining—a healthy smile. Flossing removes the cavity-causing bacteria left behind from food particles that get stuck between teeth. "Although bleeding and irritation sometimes can occur when you first start flossing, it's important to keep at it," says Dr. Ghareeb. "Your gums will toughen up and your oral health will be better for it."

 

 

2. Brushing too soon after eating

Consuming acidic foods and beverages, such as sports and energy drinks, citrus fruits, wine, and tomatoes, can erode tooth enamel—the glossy outer layer of the tooth. Brushing your teeth too soon after eating and drinking these items can cause more damage because you are essentially brushing the acid into the teeth, not getting rid of it. Instead, you should rinse your mouth with water after consuming acidic foods and beverages and wait at least 30 minutes before brushing your pearly whites!

 

 

3. Not replacing your toothbrush often enough

Not only are old toothbrushes ineffective, but they also harbor harmful bacteria that can cause infections. Toothbrushes should be changed every three to four months. "It's also important to change your toothbrush after you've had a cold," says Dr. Ghareeb.

 

 

4. Excessively bleaching your teeth

Overzealous bleaching can cause your teeth to look unnaturally white and increase tooth sensitivity. Before using an at-home bleaching product, talk to your dentist. "He or she can advise you on proper use of these products as well as which type of bleaching system will provide you with the best results," says Dr. Ghareeb.

 

 

5. Using a hard-bristled toothbrush

A hard-bristled toothbrush coupled with an aggressive brushing technique can cause irreversible damage to your gums. Use a soft toothbrush and gently brush your teeth at a 45-degree angle, in a circular motion. Using a back-and-forth, sawing motion causes the gums to recede, and can expose the root of the tooth, making teeth extremely sensitive.

 

 

                                            Daily Tips for Good Oral Hygiene

                Bacteria can live in your mouth in the form of plaque, causing cavities and gingivitis, which can lead to periodontal

                               (gum) disease. In order to keep your mouth clean, you must practice good  oral hygiene every day

What is plaque?

Plaque is a sticky layer of material containing bacteria that accumulates on teeth, including where toothbrushes can't reach. Many of the foods you eat cause the bacteria in your mouth to produce acids. Sugary foods are obvious sources of plaque, but there are others that you might not realize can cause harm. Starches—such as bread, crackers, and cereal—also cause acids to form. Plaque also produces substances that irritate the gums, making them red, sensitive, and susceptible to bleeding. This can lead to gum disease, in which gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets that fill with bacteria and pus. If the gums are not treated, the bone around the teeth can be destroyed and teeth may become loose or have to be removed.

 

How can I get rid of plaque?

The best way to remove plaque is by brushing and cleaning between your teeth every day.  Brushing removes plaque from the tooth surfaces. Brush your teeth twice per day with a soft-bristled brush. The size and shape of your toothbrush should fit your mouth and allow you to reach all areas easily. Use an antimicrobial toothpaste containing fluoride, which helps protect your teeth from decay. Clean between the teeth once a day with floss or interdental cleaners to remove plaque from between the teeth, where the toothbrush can't reach. Flossing is essential to prevent gum disease.

 

How do I brush and floss my teeth?

The American Dental Association recommends the following techniques for brushing and flossing your teeth:

 

Brushing

• Place your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against the gums.

• Move the brush back and forth gently in short (tooth-wide) strokes.

• Brush the outer tooth surfaces, the inner tooth surfaces, and the chewing surfaces of the teeth.

• Use the tip of the brush to clean the inside surfaces of the front teeth, using a gentle up-and-down stroke.

• Brush your tongue to remove bacteria and freshen your breath.

 

Flossing

• Break off about 18 inches of floss and wind it around the middle fingers of each hand. Hold the floss tightly between your thumbs and forefingers.

• Guide the floss between your teeth using a gentle rubbing motion.

• When the floss reaches the gum line, curve it into a C shape against one tooth. Gently slide it into the space between the gum and the tooth.

• Bring the floss back toward the contact point between the teeth and move the floss up or down the other side, conforming the floss to the shape of the tooth.

• Hold the floss tightly against the tooth. Gently rub the side of the tooth, moving the floss away from the gum with up-and-down motions.

• Repeat this method on the rest of your teeth.

 

Is there anything else I can use to clean my mouth?

A mouth rinse, in addition to daily brushing and flossing, can increase the cleanliness of your mouth. Antimicrobial mouth rinses reduce bacteria and plaque activity, which cause gingivitis and gum disease. Fluoride mouth rinses also help reduce and prevent tooth decay. Always talk to your dentist about any new products you are interested in trying. Not everyone should use a fluoride mouth rinse. For instance, fluoride rinses are not recommended for children ages 6 or younger because they may swallow them. Always check the manufacturer's label for precautions and age recommendations  and talk with your dentist about the use of fluoride mouth rinse.

 

  Don't Let Good Hygiene Habits Hibernate!

Winter is a busy time for most; with all of the parties, dinners, shopping, celebrations, and altered schedules, it's difficult to remember all of the tasks that are routine in the "off months." That's no reason to forget to practice good oral hygiene, however, especially with all of the starchy, sugary treats present that could wreak havoc on dental health.

 

A comprehensive oral health care plan is the best way to fight chances of periodontal disease, according to an article in the November 2007 issue ofAGD Impact, the Academy of General Dentistry's (AGD) monthly newsmagazine. Dentists recommend that patients brush thoroughly twice a day, floss once a day and rinse with mouthwash when necessary to remove plaque and keep the mouth free from bacteria.

 

Regular care is recommended because of the small amount of time it takes for bacteria to invade the mouth, even if it's clean. Studies have shown that plaque will regrow on teeth that are completely clean within three to four hours of brushing.

 

AGD spokesperson June Lee, DDS, MAGD, has noticed in her practice that the most common habit her patients ignore is flossing. "Although flossing requires patience and dexterity, with time and experience, a person can learn to floss more quickly and still be effective," she says. "In our fast-paced world, many people don't have the patience to give flossing a chance to become second-nature, but it can tremendously improve their oral health."

 

Hygiene tips for a stellar smile:

 

•   Brush with the radio on - dentists recommend brushing for the entire length of a song.

•   Use fluoridated, antimicrobial toothpastes and mouth rinses.  They help to make the tooth structure resistant to decay.

•   Keep oral hygiene products at work.  Studies show that the chance of a person using them during the day will increase 65 percent.

•   Talk to your dentist about new products you're using, as all products are not suited for all people.

•   Skip the caffeine. Avoiding caffeine before a dental appointment can make you less anxious.

•   Communicate. Use hand signals to inform the dentist that you are uncomfortable, and talk to your dentist about your specific fears.

Don't Rush the Brush, Brush to the Beat!

Despite the variety and advancements in toothbrushes today, people don't brush long enough to get the best results, reports the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD).

 

"Since many people brush during the morning or at night with the radio on, I tell my patients to brush for one song," says Luke Matranga, DDS, past president of the AGD. "That's about three minutes – the right amount of time to get the best results from brushing."

 

"People will swear that they've brushed three to four minutes, but the average person brushes for less than a minute. This is not long enough to reach all areas of the mouth and scrub off cavity-causing bacteria," says Dr. Gareth.

 

Generally, a toothbrush should have a long, wide handle with soft bristles. Be sure to brush on both sides of the teeth and the tongue. Change toothbrushes every three to four months before their bristles become frayed. Toss the toothbrush after an illness to avoid harmful bacteria harbored in the bristles.

 

Electric toothbrushes are a great option for those who have limited dexterity, such as older people or arthritis sufferers, and are effective for people with braces since the rotating heads can clean hard-to-reach areas.

           Don't Try This at Home! Over-the-counter Dental Instruments May Do More Harm Than Good

 

As more oral health product manufacturers introduce dental instruments to the consumer market, more patients are seeking treatment as a result of misuse of these devices, reports the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD).

 

AGD spokesperson Heidi Hausauer, DDS, says she frequently sees devices that resemble a scaler – an instrument used by dentists and dental hygienists for removing tartar and other deposits from the tooth surface – advertised in magazines and sold in drug stores.

 

"I've had people come into the office who have used these over-the-counter dental instruments and chipped their front tooth with them," she says. "I've seen patients gauge roots and chip the enamel off lower incisors."

 

Misuse of the devices also can lead to periodontal (gum) abscesses when tartar is pushed under the gumline.

 

While dentists and hygienists are trained in the proper use of dental instruments and removing tartar, they warn that patients attempting to do it themselves at home may do more harm than good. Rather than attempt to advise patients on proper use of these devices, many tell their patients it is safest to avoid using them at all.

 

"I would rather see the dentist or hygienist remove tartar," says Dr. Hausauer. "Regular professional cleaning and dental visits are much healthier than buying something over the counter and picking at your teeth."

How Do I Choose and Use a Toothbrush?

Angled heads, raised bristles, oscillating tufts and handles that change colors with use: you name it, toothbrushes come in all shapes, colors and sizes, promising to perform better than the rest. But no body of scientific evidence exists yet to show that any one type of toothbrush design is better at removing plaque than another. The only thing that matters is that you brush your teeth. Many people just don't brush long enough. Most of us brush less than a minute, but to effectively reach all areas and scrub off cavity-causing bacteria, it is recommended to brush for two to three minutes.

 

Which toothbrush is best?

In general, a toothbrush head should be small (1" by 1/2") for easy access to all areas of the mouth, teeth and gums. It should have a long, wide handle for a firm grasp. It should have soft nylon bristles with rounded ends so you won't hurt your gums.

 

When should I change my toothbrush?

Be sure to change your toothbrush, or toothbrush head (if you're using an electric toothbrush) before the bristles become splayed and frayed. Not only are old toothbrushes ineffective, but they may harbor harmful bacteria that can cause infections such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Toothbrushes should be changed every three to four months. Sick people should change their toothbrush at the beginning of an illness and after they feel better.

 

How do I brush?

Place the toothbrush beside your teeth at a 45-degree angle and rub back-and-forth gently. Brush outside and behind the teeth, your tongue and especially on chewing surfaces and between teeth. Be sure to brush at least twice a day, especially after meals.

 

How long should I brush my teeth?

You should brush your teeth at least two to three minutes twice a day. Brush your teeth for the length of a song on the radio, the right amount of time to get the best results from brushing. Unfortunately, most Americans only brush for 45 to 70 seconds twice a day.

 

Which is better, an electric or manual toothbrush?

Electric toothbrushes don't work that much better than manual toothbrushes, but they do motivate some reluctant brushers to clean their teeth more often. The whizzing sounds of an electric toothbrush and the tingle of the rotary tufts swirling across teeth and gums often captivate people who own electric toothbrushes. They are advantageous because they can cover more area faster. Electric toothbrushes are recommended for people who have limited manual dexterity, such as a disabled or elderly person and those who wear braces. Sometimes, it takes more time and effort to use an electric toothbrush because batteries must be recharged, and it must be cleaned after every use.

 

How do electric toothbrushes work?

Electric toothbrushes generally work by using tufts of nylon bristles to stimulate gums and clean teeth in an oscillating, or rotary, motion. Some tufts are arranged in a circular pattern, while others have the traditional shape of several bristles lined up on a row. When first using an electric toothbrush, expect some bleeding from your gums. The bleeding will stop when you learn to control the brush and your gums become healthier. Children under the age of 10 should be supervised when using an electric toothbrush. Avoid mashing the tufts against your teeth in an effort to clean them. Use light force and slow movements, and allow the electric bristle action to do its job.

 

Don't forget...

Visit your dentist regularly because toothbrushing and flossing is most effective with periodic checkups and cleanings.

How Long Should I Brush?

When it comes to brushing your teeth, you may think that is one area where you don't need help. But most people are only brushing one-third of the suggested time. Check this out::

 

The average person brushes:

Two minutes a day

14 minutes a week

12.1 hours a year

38.5 days in their lifetime

 

The average person should brush:

Six minutes a day

42 minutes a week

36.4 hours a year

122 days in their lifetime

Improve Your Oral Health in 2011

Many people ring in a new year by making health-related resolutions to improve their lives, but how many of those lifestyle changes are kept past January? The Academy of General Dentistry (AGD), a professional association of more than 35,000 general dentists dedicated to staying up to date in the profession through continuing education, has compiled some easy-to-keep oral health tips that consumers can work into their everyday routines and continue to perform throughout the year.

 

"Oral health means more than just an attractive smile," says AGD spokesperson Raymond Martin, DDS, MAGD. "Poor oral health and untreated oral diseases and conditions can have a significant impact on quality of life. And, in many cases, the condition of the mouth mirrors the condition of the body as a whole."

 

Tips:

  • Floss every day. It's the single most important factor in preventing gum disease (see

    Should I Floss down in page )

    , which affects more than 50 percent of adults. Spend two to three minutes flossing at least once a day. Not flossing because it irritates your gums? The more often you floss, the tougher your gums will become.

  •  

  • Brush your teeth for at least two to three minutes twice daily. If you're not sure whether you're brushing long enough, simply brush for the length of an entire song on the radio(see What is the Best Technique for Brushing down in page).

  •  

  • Change your toothbrush or toothbrush head (if you're using an electric toothbrush) before the bristles become splayed and frayed, or every three to four months ( see

    How Do I Choose and Use a Toothbrush down in page). 

  • Not only are old toothbrushes ineffective, they may harbor harmful bacteria that can cause infections, such as gingivitis and gum disease.

  • Drink sugary beverages through a straw(see Saved by a Straw? Sipping Soda Reduces Decay Risk down in page ). This will minimize the amount of time that the sugars are in contact with your teeth, which can minimize the risk of developing cavities.

  • Replace carbonated beverages, which cause enamel erosion and cavities, with water, milk, tea, or coffee (see Saved by a Straw? Sipping Soda Reduces Decay Risk down in page  ).   

  • Chew sugarless gum (see Fighting Tooth Decay with "Sugar"  down in page) that contains xylitol after meals and snacks. This will help cleanse your mouth and prevent the bacteria associated with cavities from attaching to your teeth. Even better, gum will increase your saliva production and reduce bad breath!

  • Wait one hour to brush your teeth  (see What Is Tooth Erosion?  down in page)  after consuming highly acidic food or drinks, like wine, coffee, citrus fruits, and soft drinks. Otherwise, you run the risk of wearing away the enamel on your teeth.

 

"One last reminder to patients is that they should make an appointment to see their general dentist every six months," adds Dr. Gareth. "More than 90 percent of all systemic diseases have oral manifestations, meaning that your dentist could be the first health care provider to diagnose a health problem."

Is Your Family Sharing too Much?

You wouldn't think of sharing your toothbrush. Not even with a family member. But it takes more than sole proprietorship to avoid partnering infection.

 

Studies show that toothbrushes can become heavily contaminated with oral bacteria. Because most families store toothbrushes in a common storage space, airborne bacteria can move from toothbrush to toothbrush, passing opportunistic infections such as periodontal (gum) disease and the common cold from one person to another.

 

Your best defense is to go undercover. "The easiest way to protect your toothbrush is by using a toothbrush cover," advises Academy of General Dentistry spokesperson Howard S. Bochina, DDS, FAGD.

 

Splattering water, contact with skin and toothbrushes knocking against one another are all circumstances that contribute to the spread of bacteria. Dr. Bochina recommends rinsing bristles thoroughly, then shaking any extra moisture from the brush and storing it upright before placing a cover over the toothbrush head.

 

Bacteria from food particles and contact with the skin are unavoidable consequences of daily brushing. Dr. Bochina says people should wash their hands both before and after brushing, and soak unused brushes in an antiseptic mouthwash. Having more than one toothbrush makes this process a lot more practical. "The bathroom is usually the most contaminated room in the house,"

says Dr. Bochina. "Protect yourself by protecting your toothbrush."

Should I Floss?

Plaque is a sticky layer of material containing bacteria that accumulates on teeth, including places where toothbrushes can't reach. This can lead to gum disease. The best way to get rid of plaque is to brush and floss your teeth carefully every day. A toothbrush cleans the tops and sides of your teeth. Dental floss cleans between them. Some people use waterpicks, but floss is the best choice.

 

Why should I floss?

Floss removes plaque and debris that adhere to teeth and gums in between teeth, polishes tooth surfaces and controls bad breath. By flossing your teeth daily, you increase the chances of keeping your teeth a lifetime and decrease your chance of having periodontal (gum) disease and tooth decay.

 

Flossing is the single most important weapon against plaque, perhaps more important than the toothbrush. Many people just don't spend enough time flossing and many have never been taught to floss properly. When you visit your dentist or hygienist, ask to be shown.

 

Which type of floss should I use?

Dental floss comes in many forms: waxed and unwaxed, flavored and unflavored, wide and regular. Wide floss, or dental tape, may be helpful for people with a lot of bridge work. Tapes are usually recommended when the spaces between teeth are wide. They all clean and remove plaque about the same. Waxed floss might be easier to slide between tight teeth or tight restorations. However, the unwaxed floss makes a squeaking sound to let you know your teeth are clean. Bonded unwaxed floss does not fray as easily as regular unwaxed floss but does tear more than waxed floss.

 

How should I floss?

There are two flossing methods: the spool method and the loop method. The spool method is suited for those with manual dexterity. Take an 18-inch piece of floss and wind the bulk of the floss lightly around the middle finger. (Don't cut off your finger's circulation!) Wind the rest of the floss similarly around the same finger of the opposite hand. This finger takes up the floss as it becomes soiled or frayed. Maneuver the floss between teeth with your index fingers and thumbs. Don't pull it down hard against your gums or you will hurt them. Don't rub it side to side as if you're shining shoes. Bring the floss up and down several times, forming a "C" shape around the tooth and being sure to go below the gumline.

 

The loop method is suited for children or adults with less nimble hands, poor muscular coordination or arthritis. Take an 18-inch piece of floss and make it into a circle. Tie it securely with three knots. Place all of the fingers, except the thumb, within the loop. Use your index fingers to guide the floss through the lower teeth, and use your thumbs to guide the floss through the upper teeth, going below the gumline and forming a "C" on the side of the tooth.

 

How often should I floss?

At least once a day. To give your teeth a good flossing, spend at least two or three minutes.

 

What are floss holders?

You may prefer a prethreaded flosser or floss holder, which often looks like a little hacksaw. Flossers are handy for people with limited dexterity, for those who are just beginning to floss or for caretakers who are flossing someone else's teeth.

 

Is it safe to use toothpicks?

In a pinch, toothpicks are effective at removing food between teeth, but for daily cleaning of plaque between teeth, floss is recommended. When you use a toothpick, don't press too hard, as you can break off the end and lodge it in your gums.

 

Do I need a waterpick (irrigating device)?

Don't use waterpicks as a substitute for brushing and flossing. But they are effective around orthodontic braces, which retain food in areas where a toothbrush cannot reach. However, they do not remove plaque. Waterpicks are frequently recommended by dentists for persons with gum disease; solutions containing antibacterial agents like chlorhexidine or tetracycline, available through a dentist's prescription, can be added to the reservoir in these cases.

Special Dental Patients Require Special Care

 

Cavities. A disease that affects a majority of Americans is easily fixed with a quick trip to a dentist's office. But how does a person with disabilities, who may be confined to a bed or wheelchair, have cavities filled or receive a dental exam? For the more than 50 million people with disabilities, oral health is among their most neglected needs.

 

"Unfortunately when physicians treat a child or an adult with a disability, dental care often has a lower priority in the face of other health problems," said Fred Margolis, DDS, past president of the Illinois Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped and staff dentist at a residential facility for the developmentally disabled. "Sometimes dentists are unfamiliar in treating persons with disabilities because many dental schools provide little training about caring for these patients."

 

"Yet, children with disabilities must visit the dentist regularly because they are very susceptible to dental disease," said Dr. Margolis. Genetic disorders or very high fevers can cause weakened enamel, which makes the enamel prone to cavity development. Gum disease and poorly aligned teeth are prevalent in children with Down syndrome.

 

"Increased dental decay is commonplace because many medications have a high sucrose content," said Dr. Margolis. Some children with disabilities are also restricted to soft diets and do not have the abrasive particles to help remove food and plaque.

 

Although children and adults may have a disability or a disabling condition, they can still take care of their teeth or rely on their family members for assistance, said Dr. Margolis. A dentist or dental hygienist can teach family members how to properly brush and floss a special patient's teeth.

 

"Family members should also speak to their dentist about the special devices available for brushing and flossing teeth," said Dr. Margolis. Certain mouthrinses can be prescribed for the patient that will increase saliva flow and reduce plaque build-up.

 

Although dentists specially trained in providing dental care for persons with disabilities are sometimes hard to locate, family members have choices to finding dental care. Check with a primary care provider, local hospitals with on-staff dentists or contact a local dental society about mobile dentistry services, advises Dr. Margolis. Family members who have a child in a center for the developmentally disabled should inquire about on-site dental care or access to a mobile dentistry service.

Spring Clean Your Teeth

Add a dental visit to this year's spring-cleaning list. A professional dental cleaning at least twice a year can improve your oral health, reports the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD), an organization of general dentists dedicated to continuing dental education.

 

"A prophylaxis, also known as a 'prophy' or professional dental cleaning, reinforces the at-home oral health regimen," says AGD spokesperson Anne Murray, DDS. "It is designed to preserve health, prevent the spread of disease and give the dentist an opportunity to locate other areas in the mouth that may need attention."

 

It is strongly recommended that a dentist or hygienist perform a dental cleaning every three to six months, says Dr. Murray. She discourages consumer use of over-the-counter tooth polishing instruments.

 

"People with healthy teeth and gums typically do not experience soreness after a cleaning," says Dr. Murray. Those with less-than-perfect oral hygiene habits may experience discomfort or heightened sensitivity during a dental cleaning. The dentist can use a topical anesthetic before the cleaning to alleviate pain.

 

What is a dental cleaning?

 

Diagnostic services may include:

 

  • Reviewing and updating medical history, including heart problems, cancer treatment, pregnancy, diabetes, joint replacement, medications, surgeries or any other major changes in health history

  • Blood pressure check

  • Oral cancer examination and screening

  • Evaluation of gum tissue

  • Checking biting, chewing and swallowing patterns

  • X-rays, examination of teeth to detect decay

  • Treatment planning

  • Referral to specialists for specific treatment

 

Preventive services may include:

 

  • Removal of plaque and tartar

  • Stain removal

  • Fluoride application

  • Sealants

  • Polishing of fillings or crowns

 

Educational services may include:

 

  • Tooth brushing and flossing instructions

  • Nutritional counseling

  • Recommendations for future treatment: when to return for following hygiene treatment, periodontal (gum) concerns, restorative options, etc.

  • Evaluation of possible cosmetic enhancements

  • Evaluation of self-care effectiveness

  • Tobacco-cessation counseling

Study Finds Americans Need to "Brush Up" at the Office

Healthy teeth affect nearly every aspect of our lives – even our professional image. However, according to a survey released by the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) and Oral-B Laboratories, many Americans are neglecting to take care of their smile during the workday.

 

Oral-B Laboratories and the AGD polled more than 1,000 full-time employed adults ages 18 and older about oral care habits and the importance of a healthy smile at the workplace. 

 

The survey found that more than three-quarters of respondents are eating twice or more a day at the workplace, while only 14 percent of respondents are brushing every day at work. Yet, while many respondents indicated that they are overlooking oral care at the office, the majority of respondents (40 percent) ranked "smile" as the first thing they noticed about a person at work.

 

An overwhelming majority – 96 percent – thought that a smile was very or somewhat important to a person's appearance. Furthermore, 32 percent cited "bad breath" as the least attractive trait of their co-workers.

 

"Those meals and snacks and sugary beverages on the job can increase the likelihood of tooth decay and gum disease," says AGD spokesperson Heidi Hausauer, DDS. "That's why it's important to brush your teeth during the workday, in addition to after breakfast and before bedtime."

 

According to Dr. Hausauer, the sugars and starches in the food we eat fuel bacterial plaque, resulting in an "acid attack" on tooth enamel. While visible evidence of food may disappear, plaque bacteria continue to grow. Eventually, plaque can build up and harden into tartar. That can lead to gum irritation, gum disease, tooth detachment and ultimately, tooth loss.

 

"By partnering with the Academy of General Dentistry to conduct the 'Brushing Up at the Office' Survey, we hope to raise awareness about the necessity for better oral care habits at the office," says Marianne Sampogna, associate product manager of Oral-B Laboratories.

 

The survey also revealed that leaving an extra toothbrush at the office, rather than carrying one with you, increases your likelihood of brushing at work by 65 percent. "Leaving a toothbrush at the office and remembering to brush at work can reduce plaque buildup and keep you smiling for years," Dr. Hausauer says.

 

Other findings from the study:

 

  • Women are the largest group of brushers at the office, with 53 percent brushing at work versus 37 percent of men. 

  • Good dental hygiene in general means better oral hygiene at work. Those who brush three or more times per day are the most likely to brush at work, totaling 71 percent. 

  • Good dental hygiene was also shown to be important in the workplace, considering that virtually all respondents reported interacting with others while on the job. More than 80 percent of respondents interact with co-workers, and 76 percent of respondents are interacting occasionally or frequently with people outside the company, such as customers and vendors.

 

The "Brushing Up at the Office" Survey was commissioned by Oral-B Laboratories in conjunction with the AGD and conducted by International Communications Research. A total of 1,023 full-time employed adults ages 18 and older were surveyed in April 1997.

Swishing Once a Day Poses No Harm to Dental Work

 

People have been paying more attention to the effects certain liquids like coffee, citrus-containing drinks, and even toothbrushes have on teeth.  Mouthrinses are no exception.  Mouthrinses contain essential oils, which include eucalyptol, menthol, thymol, alcohol, sorbitol, and others.  People use mouthrinses for many reasons, ranging from whiter teeth, better breath, or cavity protection.  But are there any risks to using mouthrinses that contain essential oils?

In a recent study in the November/December 2006 issue of General Dentistry, the Academy of General Dentistry's (AGD) clinical, peer-reviewed journal, authors examined mouthrinses containing essential oils and the effects they have on restorative materials in the mouth.  Restorative materials studied in this article included amalgams (silver/mercury mixture used for fillings), glass ionomers (used to cement gold and ceramic crowns to teeth), and composite resins (fillers that are tooth-colored).  The authors subjected these materials to continuous exposure to mouth-rinses and distilled water for 10 days.  The materials were placed in mouth guards that had three holes, each of which contained a specimen of each type of restorative material, and volunteer patients wore the mouth guards 12 hours per day for 10 days.  The patients rinsed twice daily with a commercial mouthrinse and after the 10 days, the materials were removed from the devices and were inspected.  Strength and appearance of the materials were observed and compared. 

Overall the study found that even long-term exposure to a mouthrinse containing essential oils has a minimal effect on the strength or surface of dental restorations of any kind.

J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, PhD, the lead author of the study, says that "this is a positive finding since patients are often concerned that rinsing the mouth with alcohol-containing mouthwashes could affect their fillings. Fortunately, this was found not to be the case."

However, because many mouthrinses do contain a wide variety of ingredients, Dr. von Fraunhofer is looking to see whether they may have an effect on dentures and even orthodontic appliances. These studies are in progress and are yielding some interesting information. He indicated that he will report his findings to General Dentistry as they become available. 

 

What are restorative materials?

  • Amalgams – silver/mercury mixture used for fillings

  • Glass ionomers – material used to cement gold and ceramic crowns to teeth

  • Composite resins – fillers that are tooth-colored

Tot Toothbrushes Promote Good Brushing Habits

 

Many parents don't know that children's teeth must be cleaned as soon as they start coming in. What they also may not know is that traditional toothbrushes may not be safe for toddlers to use themselves because they can be overinserted in the mouth or even swallowed.

 

Today, safer toddler toothbrushes are available that prevent the build-up of plaque and bacteria. Using toddler toothbrushes can help children establish good oral health habits at an early age.

 

A dental hygienist designed and introduced the first toddler toothbrush in 1993. It resembles an oblong-shaped teething toy, with one wide end for easy gripping and a narrow end with a small head of bristles. The shape prevents it from being overinserted in the mouth or swallowed, and some models have bumps around the gripping end on which infants can teeth.

 

Even before children's primary teeth come in, parents should start promoting oral health in infants by wiping the baby's mouth with a washcloth or gauze pad to prevent the build-up of plaque and bacteria.

 

It's never too early for parents to encourage their youngsters to start using toddler toothbrushes. "As soon as they're reaching and grabbing for things, they're ready for it," says Academy of General Dentistry spokesperson Bob Roesch, DDS, MAGD. "It familiarizes children with having a toothbrush in their mouths, and they like to mimic their parents."

 

"Parents need to be good role models," says Dr. Bochina. "They need to take good care of their own teeth and make dental care part of the daily routine for the whole family. Adults should supervise children while brushing. Adults also should help children have fun with oral care by singing songs to keep them brushing longer or making brushing a game by naming the individual teeth being cleaned."

Using Floss Once a Day Helps Fight Decay

 

Some people loop. Some people spool. Others simply refuse. The verdict is in: Flossing is one of the best things you can ever do to take care of your teeth.

 

"Flossing every 24 hours to break up plaque is imperative for good oral health," says Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) spokesperson Gordon Isbell, DMD, MAGD.

 

An article in the October 2005 issue of AGD Impact, AGD's monthly newsmagazine, describes how floss is the single most important factor in preventing periodontal (gum) disease, which affects more than 50 percent of adults.

Flossing, which is just as important as brushing, helps removes the plaque and debris that stick to teeth and gums between the teeth. It also helps polish the tooth's surface and control bad breath.

Dental floss can be waxed or unwaxed, flavored and unflavored, wide and regular. All floss helps clean and remove plaque. Wider floss, also known as dental tape, may help people with a lot of bridge work and is usually recommended when the spaces between teeth are wide. Waxed floss can be easier to slide between teeth with very little space between. Unwaxed floss makes a squeaking sound, which lets the user know their teeth are clean.

 

Electric flossers are now on the scene, but most dentists contend there is no substitute for manually flossing one's teeth.

 

"Electric flossing is no substitute, but if someone has a disability and can't manually floss, it is better than nothing," says Dr. Isbell.

 

Similarly, dentists say that waterpicks should not be used as a substitute for brushing and flossing because they don't remove plaque. Dentists do recommend waterpicks for people with braces or dentures or those with gum disease who have trouble flossing because of pain.

 

Benefits of flossing:

 

  • Decreased risk of gum disease

  • Better breath

  • Removes plaque between teeth

  • Polishes tooth surfaces

***  What is the Best Technique for Brushing?

 

There are a number of effective brushing techniques. Patients are advised to check with their dentist or hygienist to determine which technique is best for them, since tooth position and gum condition vary. One effective, easy-to-remember technique involves using a circular or elliptical motion to brush a couple of teeth at a time, gradually covering the entire mouth.

 

Place a toothbrush beside your teeth at a 45-degree angle and gently brush teeth in an elliptical motion. Brush the outside of the teeth, inside the teeth, your tongue, the chewing surfaces and between teeth. Using a back-and-forth motion causes the gum surface to recede, can expose the root surface or make the root surface tender. You also risk wearing down the gum line.

 

Soft or hard bristles?

 

In general, a toothbrush head should be small (1" by 1/2") for easy access. It should have a long, wide handle for a firm grasp and soft, nylon bristles with round ends. Some brushes are too abrasive and can wear down teeth. A soft, rounded, multi-tufted brush can clean teeth effectively. Press just firmly enough to reach the spaces between the teeth as well as the surface. Medium and hard bristles are not recommended.

 

How long should I brush?

 

It might be a good idea to brush with the radio on, since dentists generally recommend brushing three to four minutes, the average length of a song. Using an egg timer is another way to measure your brushing time. Patients generally think they're brushing longer, but most spend less than a minute brushing.

 

To make sure you're doing a thorough job and not missing any spots, patients are advised to brush the full three to four minutes twice a day, instead of brushing quickly five or more times through the day.

 

Should I brush at work?

 

Definitely, but most Americans don't brush during the workday. Yet a survey by Oral-B Laboratories and the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) shows if you keep a toothbrush at work, the chances you will brush during the day increase by 65 percent.  

 

Getting the debris off teeth right away stops sugary snacks from turning to damaging acids and catches starchy foods like potato chips before they turn to cavity-causing sugar. If you brush with fluoride toothpaste in the morning and before going to bed, you don't even need to use toothpaste at work. You can just brush and rinse before heading back to your desk. If you don't have a toothbrush, rinsing your mouth with water for 30 seconds after lunch also helps.

 

Tips to improve your office brushing habits:

 

  • Post a sticky note on your desk or computer as a reminder to brush teeth after lunch.

  • Brush teeth right after lunch, before you become absorbed in work.

  • Store your toothbrush and toothpaste at work in a convenient and handy place.

  • Make brushing your teeth part of your freshening-up routine at work.

  •  When brushing at the office or away from home, it's important to make an extra effort to keep your toothbrush germ-free.                                                                                                        

 Tips on how to properly store and care for your toothbrush at work:

 

  • Always store your toothbrush in a travel container.

  • Dry your toothbrush after use and before returning to its container.

  • Change the toothbrush you take to work more often than your toothbrush at home to avoid bacteria build-up.

*** Why is Brushing With Toothpaste Important?

Brushing with toothpaste is important for several reasons. First and foremost, a toothpaste and a correct brushing action work to remove plaque, a sticky, harmful film of bacteria that grows on your teeth that causes cavities, gum disease and eventual tooth loss if not controlled. Second, toothpaste contains fluoride, which makes the entire tooth structure more resistant to decay and promotes remineralization, which aids in repairing early decay before the damage can even be seen. Third, special ingredients in toothpaste help to clean and polish the teeth and remove stains over time. Fourth, toothpastes help freshen breath and leave your mouth with a clean feeling.

 

What type of toothpaste should I use?

 

As long as your toothpaste contains fluoride, the brand you buy really does not matter, neither does whether or not it is in paste, gel or even powder form, or containing a certain flavor. All fluoride toothpastes work effectively to fight plaque and cavities and clean and polish tooth enamel. Your toothpaste brand should bear the ADA (American Dental Association) seal of approval on the container, which means that adequate evidence of safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in controlled, clinical trials.

 

If your teeth are hypersensitive to hot or cold, consider trying a toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth. These "desensitizing" toothpastes, which contain strontium chloride or potassium nitrate, protect exposed dentin by blocking the tubes in the teeth that are connected to nerves. Desensitizing pastes must be used for at least one month before any therapeutic effects are felt.

 

Toothpastes containing baking soda and/or hydrogen peroxide (which are both good cleansing agents) give the teeth and mouth a clean, fresh, pleasant feeling that can offer an incentive to brush more, but fluoride is the true active ingredient at work protecting your teeth. Some prefer a tartar-control toothpaste containing pyrophosphates to prevent the build-up of soft calculus (tartar) deposits on their teeth. New pastes offer advanced whitening formulas aimed at safely removing stains to make teeth brighter and shinier, although they can't nearly match the effectiveness of a professional bleaching formula administered or prescribed by a dentist.

 

How much should I use?

 

Contrary to what toothpaste commercials show, the amount of paste or gel needed on your brush for effective cleaning does not have to be a heaping amount. Simply squeeze a pea-sized dab of paste on the top half of your brush. If you brush correctly, holding the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle and brush inside, outside and between your teeth, the paste should foam enough to cover all of your teeth. Children under age 6, however, should be given a very small, baby pea-sized dab of toothpaste on their brush.

 

 

Is brushing with toothpaste enough to fight cavities and gum disease?

 

No. Although brushing thoroughly after each meal helps, flossing your teeth every day to remove plaque and food particles between teeth and at the gumline is just as important. Studies show that plaque will regrow on teeth that are completely clean within three to four hours of brushing.

Wrong Choice of Product Could Have Negative Side Effects

 

Brush. Floss. Rinse mouth with mouthwash. From a young age, people are taught to follow this procedure to maximize the benefits of proper oral hygiene, but could mouth rinse actually cause more problems than good? According to the April 2007 issue of AGD Impact, the monthly newsmagazine of the AGD, the improper selection of a mouth rinse may cause side effects worse than the condition being treated.

 

"It all depends on each individual's oral health concerns," explains Barbara Rich, DDS, FAGD, AGD spokesperson. "If someone has a lot of inflammation which is causing bleeding gums, then the side effect of staining caused by some prescription mouthwashes may be worth it to improve their health. Staining can be polished off at the regularsemiannual visit to the dentist."

 

Dr. Gareth further explains, however, that if minty-fresh taste is the only reason for a person using mouth rinses, but they have dry mouth or get ulcers from strong alcohol content in the mouthwash, it may not be worth using it.

 

 There are two categories of mouth rinses: cosmetic (over-the-counter) and prescription. Both products are meant to help remove oral debris before or after brushing. These products provide a pleasant taste in the mouth and temporary relief from bad breath while diminishing bacteria in the mouth. Therapeutic rinses are prescribed by a dentist and contain active ingredients that protect against some oral diseases.

 

What are the pros and cons of using mouthwashes? "The pros are improved health of gums, germ killing effects, fresh taste, and cavity prevention," says Dr. Rich. "The cons include altered taste, tooth staining, drying of oral tissues in the mouth, burning sensation, and ulcers."

 

When selecting a mouthrinse, Dr. Rich advises patients to choose one that is based on their individual needs. "If they have a dry mouth, but want a nice taste, they should look for a non-alcohol mouthwash so their tissues stay moist," she says. "If they often have cavities, they should use a fluoride rinse." It is best to consult with a general dentist about the best mouth rinse to meet the needs of your mouth.

 

What are the proper steps when using mouth rinses?

   

  • Before using a mouth rinse, brush and floss teeth.

  • Measure the proper amount of rinse recommended on the container or by a dentist.

  • Close lips and, keeping teeth slightly apart, swish liquid around the mouth.

  • Thirty seconds is the suggested rinsing time.

  • Finally, spit liquid from mouth thoroughly.

  • Do not rinse, eat, or smoke for thirty minutes after using a mouthwash. Doing so will diminish the effects of the mouthwash

How to avoid toothache for good

Are you living with nagging pain in your mouth? Do you wince when you eat something cold or wake up in the morning with painful teeth and an aching jaw?

There are lots of reasons why you may be suffering from toothache, but you don't have to put up with it.

'Far too many people suffer in silence and avoid going to the dentist,' says Karen Coates, spokesperson for the British Dental Health Foundation (BDHF).

According to one study, around one in four people dread going to the dentist and make excuses not to go.

 

Cost

'A growing number of people are concerned about the cost of visiting their dentist too,' says Coates.

And some people say they simply don't have the time to make the trip to their specialist, although employers are obliged to give employees time off work to attend dental appointments.

'The fact is that toothache can be excruciating and bad teeth are going to affect your general wellbeing, as well as how you feel about yourself.

'It's worth taking the time – and overcoming your fears – to get your teeth sorted out,' says Karen Coates.

 

Regular check-ups

 

 

Adults should try and attend at intervals between three and 24 months.

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends that young people aged under 18 should visit the dentist at intervals between three and 12 months, while adults should try and attend at intervals between three and 24 months, depending on professional advice.

If you don't go for regular check-ups, your NHS dentist can take you off his or her list without warning.

 

Causes

So what are the major causes of toothache? Tooth decay, when the hard areas of the tooth are eaten away by plaque acid, now affects 31 per cent of adults in the UK. It's a significant problem among children too.

A recent study by Liverpool Johns Moores University found that one in three 12-year-olds suffer from decay.

One major contributing factor could be the huge increase in the amount of fizzy drinks young people now consume.

'Fizzy drinks are acidic, even if they don't contain any sugar,' says Coates.

'We advise drinking fizzy drinks through a straw, which keeps the liquid away from the teeth and minimise your intake.'

Gum disease, when infection sets into the gum, can eventually destroying the gum, the teeth and even the bone if left untreated.

Most people will have early stage gum disease, gingivitis, at some point in their lives.

Another common cause of dental pain is teeth grinding, or bruxism, which is when someone grinds their teeth or clenches the jaw, often at night during sleep.

'Bruxism can lead to the teeth being worn down and jaw ache,' says dentist, Dr Mervyn Druian.

About 70 per cent of cases of bruxism are linked to anxiety, so it's important to reduce stress levels.

You dentist may also decide to make you a mouth guard to protect your teeth during sleep.

Tooth sensitivity is another common cause of toothache, when teeth react to hot and cold temperatures.

This is caused when receding gums expose the sensitive dentine below the enamel or because the enamel on the surface of the teeth is breached.

Many people notice that their teeth become more sensitive after using bleaching products that contain hydrogen peroxide, but this is a temporary effect.

 

Pain relief

 

 

Gargling with salt water will help to soothe irritated gums.

OTC pain relief can temporarily help with dental pain, and some people swear by the old fashioned remedy, oil of cloves, which is a natural painkiller and antiseptic.

However, Karen Coates of the BDHF advises against using this essential oil because it can cause chemical burning of the gums.

Gargling with salt water will help to soothe irritated gums.

Coates says that the best thing is to avoid problems developing in the first place.

 

Prevention

Regular trips to the dental hygenist can help ensure that plaque is not allowed to build up on the teeth, leading to cavities and more serious conditions, such as periodontal disease.

Simple strategies, like resisting snacks throughout the day, can cut the risk of developing teeth problems.

'Every time you snack, the sugars in the food combine with plaque in your mouth to create plaque acid, which sets about damaging your teeth.

'If you think that it takes an hour for the saliva to restore neutral pH, then constant snacking means the teeth are under attack all the time,' says Coates.

 

Effective brushing

Electric toothbrushes are very effective at keeping your teeth and gums healthy.

Over brushing can actually damage gums, making them more likely to recede.

Dental hygienist, Sophie Spenser, who is based in Surrey, recommends brushing twice a day with an electric toothbrush – but you need to know how to do a good job.

'Electric toothbrushes are very effective at keeping your teeth and gums healthy, but too many people don't know how to use their electric toothbrushes correctly,' she says.

To get the best result, always moisten the brush before applying toothpaste.

'A common problem is that patients use less toothpaste, as the head is smaller than a conventional brush, when, in fact the same amount of paste should be used. Turn your brush on when it is inside your mouth, and brush in circular strokes over each tooth.

'Pay attention to the gum line, as this is often missed; the rotating bristles will brush away food debris and bacteria.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Around one in four people dread going to the dentist and make excuses not to go.

Adults should try and attend at intervals between three and 24 months.

Gargling with salt water will help to soothe irritated gums.

Electric toothbrushes are very effective at keeping your teeth and gums healthy.

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